/dev/urandom provides an unlimited stream of random data, the output is based on truly random data and doesn’t block regardless if the entropy pool is depleted.
It’s not the same as /dev/random which only returns random numbers from the entropy pool at a limited rate and can block if the entropy pool is deplete.
By using /dev/urandom and cat we’re blasting random data at much faster speeds then what /dev/random & dd are capable of which increases our chances of triggering a bug by quite a bit.
Sudo is for getting the necessary perms to write the data to the location after the
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operator. Cat is just super fast, faster than dd infact as it’s not actually intended to write to disks, only to stout. We want as much speed as possible to do as much damage as possible by increasing our chances of trigging bugs.